A re-examination of the angiosperm wood record from the early and middle Miocene of Turkey, and new species descriptions

The early and middle Miocene in Turkey was characterised by a warm climate diversified rich vegetation. Many fossil angiosperm genera have been identified from this period. present study re-examined previously identifed new samples of wood remains. studied material included thin sections housed at the Department Forest Botany, Division Engineering, Faculty Forestry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, also ones. Twelve species are described: Liquidambaroxylon efeae Akkemik sp. nov., Eucarpinoxylon kayacikii Ostryoxylon gokceadaense Quercoxylon yaltirikii Cryptocaryoxylon grandoleaceum Fraxinoxylon beypazariense Prunoidoxylon prunoides Populoxylon sebenense Salicoxylon galatianum nov. Aceroxylon aceroides Ulmoxylon kasapligilii Zelkovoxylon crystalliferum In addition, four described documented for Miocene: Pistacioxylon ufukii I. Poole, Fagoxylon radiatum Süss, Laurinoxylon litseoides Süss Platanoxylon catenatum Müller-Stoll. addition to descriptions, identification keys given all recognised study, including currently known respective genera. These hold important information, as they place wider taxonomic biogeographic context. results show that early-middle woody flora existed well-drained upland or lowland riparian areas. This comprised subtropical taxa along with warm-temperate indicative seasonality rainfall well transitions xeric conditions Miocene.